Nico Rosberg achieved his maiden Formula One pole position in an exciting and dramatic qualifying session in Shanghai.
The German put Mercedes at the front of the grid for the first time since Juan Manuel Fangio led the field at Monza in 1955.
Rosberg was a full half a second quicker over second-fastest Lewis Hamilton. But due to the gearbox penalty applied to the McLaren driver, Michael Schumacher is promoted to P2 forming an all-Mercedes front row.
While Rosberg celebrated his first ever pole, it was a disastrous day for reigning world champion Sebastian Vettel. Not only beaten by his Red Bull team-mate Mark Webber in qualifying for the third time this season, Vettel will start the Chinese Grand Prix down in eleventh.
Rosberg had led a Mercedes one-two in Q2, and then blitzed his rivals early in Q3 with an unbeatable time of one minute, 35.121 seconds.
So confident was Rosberg that the time would hold for pole, he got out of his car and walked off to the weighing area while the rest of the top ten tried in vain to improve their times.
Hamilton managed to get between the Silver Arrows on lap times, although on the starting grid he will line up in seventh.
His penalty means Kamui Kobayashi is promoted to an amazing third, as the Japanese driver emphasised Sauber’s progress by setting the fourth quickest time.
Thanks to the high level of competition this season, Vettel faced a difficult task for a fourth consecutive Shanghai pole and with the failure to make the top ten shootout for the first time since Brazil 2009 was a major shock.
The double world champion, running a different exhaust specification on the RB8 to Mark Webber, was only three tenths of a second slower than his pacesetting team-mate in Q2.
But that was the difference between first and eleventh in the extraordinarily close session. Vettel had been gradually edged down the top ten and ultimately pushed out by Romain Grosjean’s Lotus.
His Lotus team-mate Kimi Raikkonen will start fourth, ahead of McLaren’s Jenson Button and Mark Webber in the Red Bull.
Malaysia combatants Sergio Perez and Fernando Alonso were together again as they led the way in Q1 after going for softs tyres, and qualified in close company once more in eighth and ninth.
Ferrari’s Felipe Massa was closer to his team-mate pace, but will start in P12.
The second half of the grid will line up in neat team formation. With the two Williams sharing row seven ahead of the Force Indias, and while Jean-Eric Vergne did not get beyond Q1, he will still start alongside Toro Rosso team-mate Daniel Ricciardo.
Meanwhile at the back, Caterham led Marussia and HRT, with all drivers comfortably within the 107 per cent qualifying margin.
Qualifying times from Shanghai:
1. Nico Rosberg Mercedes 1m35.121s
2. Michael Schumacher Mercedes 1m35.691s
3. Kamui Kobayashi Sauber-Ferrari 1m35.784s
4. Kimi Raikkonen Lotus-Renault 1m35.898s
5. Jenson Button McLaren-Mercedes 1m36.191s
6. Mark Webber Red Bull-Renault 1m36.290s
7. Lewis Hamilton McLaren-Mercedes 1m35.626s*
8. Sergio Perez Sauber-Ferrari 1m36.524s
9. Fernando Alonso Ferrari 1m36.622s
10. Romain Grosjean Lotus-Renault No time
11. Sebastian Vettel Red Bull-Renault 1m36.031s
12. Felipe Massa Ferrari 1m36.255s
13. Pastor Maldonado Williams-Renault 1m36.283s
14. Bruno Senna Williams-Renault 1m36.289s
15. Paul di Resta Force India-Mercedes 1m36.317s
16. Nico Hulkenberg Force India-Mercedes 1m36.745s
17. Daniel Ricciardo Toro Rosso-Ferrari 1m36.956s
18. Jean-Eric Vergne Toro Rosso-Ferrari 1m37.714s
19. Heikki Kovalainen Caterham-Renault 1m38.463s
20. Vitaly Petrov Caterham-Renault 1m38.677s
21. Timo Glock Marussia-Cosworth 1m39.282s
22. Charles Pic Marussia-Cosworth 1m39.717s
23. Pedro de la Rosa HRT-Cosworth 1m40.411s
24. Narain Karthikeyan HRT-Cosworth 1m41.000s
*Five-place grid penalty for gearbox change
107 per cent time: 1m42.931s